條件及假設語氣一直是我英文學習經常搞錯的部分,最近參加 Funday 一對一英文家教,老師針對我的需求幫我打通任督二脈,現在記錄這部分重點。
依照條件情形可以區分四種狀況
1. 基本句 ─ 只要發生前面的 A 情形,就會讓事件 B 接著發生
2. 可能句 ─ 只要發生前面的 A 情形,事件 B 可能會接著發生
3. 不太可能句 ─ A 情形不太可能發生,事件 B 發生機會也微乎其微
4. 不可能句 ─ A 情形已經錯過了或是根本不可能發生 ,事件 B 當然不可能接著發生
文法結構
1. 基本句 ─ Subject + simple future , subject + simple present
[A 事件] 主語+未來簡單式,[B 事件] 主語+現在簡單式
2. 可能句 ─ If + subject + simple present , subject + simple future
[A 事件] 如果+主語+現在簡單式,[B 事件] 主語+未來簡單式
3. 不太可能 ─ If + subject + simple past , subject + present conditional (would)
[A 事件] 如果+主語+過去簡單式,[B 事件]主語+現在條件式 (就會)
4. 不可能句 ─ If + subject + past perfect , subject + perfect conditional (would have) + past participle
[A 事件]如果+主語+過去完成式,[B 事件] 主語+完成條件式 (當初就會)+過去分詞
例句
1. I am going to meet the CEO, and ask him many questions.
我將去見CEO,並會問他許多問題。
2. If I meet the CEO, I will ask him many questions.
如果我遇到CEO,我將會問他許多問題。
3. If I were to meet the CEO, I would ask him many questions,
如果我要是遇到CEO,我就會問他許多問題。
4. If I had known I was going to meet the CEO, I would have asked him many questions.
如果我早知道我會遇到CEO,我當時就會問他許多問題。
http://tw.blog.voicetube.com/archives/32534,這是 Cindy 老師去年在 VoiceTube 部落格留下的文章,值得參考。
另外還可以參考 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/Grammar/conditional2.htm
我將去見CEO,並會問他許多問題。
2. If I meet the CEO, I will ask him many questions.
如果我遇到CEO,我將會問他許多問題。
3. If I were to meet the CEO, I would ask him many questions,
如果我要是遇到CEO,我就會問他許多問題。
4. If I had known I was going to meet the CEO, I would have asked him many questions.
如果我早知道我會遇到CEO,我當時就會問他許多問題。
另外還可以參考 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/Grammar/conditional2.htm
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